OVERVIEW: An optical submarine periscope is a retractable mast that allows submariners to observe the surface environment while remaining submerged at periscope depth. It uses a direct line-of-sight system of mirrors and lenses to transmit visual information to the submarine's interior, enabling passive surveillance, navigation, and targeting without exposing the vessel significantly.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION: Optical periscopes of this era featured multi-element lens systems with improved light transmission and clarity, dual or variable magnification (commonly 1.5× and 6×), and integrated graticules or scales for range estimation. Some models began including night vision attachments such as low-level light intensifiers. The head section could rotate 360°, and internal gearing allowed smooth raising and lowering. While still analog and manually controlled, these periscopes were more ergonomic and compact, designed to withstand deeper operational pressures.

ROLE SUMMARY:
Category: Optical Surveillance and Targeting
Primary Use: Visual observation and torpedo fire control
Function: Passive line-of-sight reconnaissance
Platform: Diesel-electric and nuclear submarines of the 1960s
Integration: Analog fire control interface; no electronic imaging

See Specific information under [Sensors/EW] and [Properties] sections.

SOURCE:
U.S. Navy and Royal Navy Cold War periscope specifications, NATO submarine optical systems manuals